What is the scalp microbiome? And why it’s important for scalp and hair health

The scalp microbiome is a diverse community of microorganisms that live on the surface of the scalp. Though invisible to the eye, it plays a vital role in regulating inflammation, supporting the skin’s barrier function and helping to keep harmful pathogens in check.

When the microbiome is balanced, the scalp is healthy, and hair growth is supported. But when it’s disrupted, it can lead to issues like dandruff, itching, irritation, thinning or shedding.

That’s why maintaining the microbiome’s balance and diversity is essential. Because a healthy scalp creates the ideal environment for strong, healthy hair to grow.

What disrupts the scalp microbiome?

The scalp microbiome is a delicate ecosystem, easily thrown off by a range of everyday factors, from how we style our hair to the environments we live in.

Physical stressors like tight or non-breathable head coverings can trap heat and moisture against the scalp, creating conditions that encourage imbalance. Repeated heat styling can dry out the scalp, weaken its natural barrier and reduce microbial diversity.

Internal factors like stress and hormonal shifts also play a role. High stress levels can affect immune function, throwing off the scalp’s balance, while hormonal changes (including those related to pregnancy or menopause) may change the composition of the scalp’s microbiome community.

Many everyday haircare products contribute too. Harsh shampoos, styling products, or chemical treatments can strip the scalp of its natural oils and disrupt its pH. Over time, this can compromise the scalp barrier and disrupt microbial balance.

Even the environment matters. Pollution, humidity, UV radiation and harsh weather can all interfere with the scalp’s microbial balance, potentially leading to dryness, flaking or irritation.

And while we can’t avoid all of these triggers, we can take steps to protect and support the microbiome — feeding it the nutrients it needs to stay balanced, so that healthy, beautiful hair can grow.